notes

the ０が

• sometimes, the A car of the core Japanese sentence is “invisible”
• when the A car is invisible, it is a zero-pronoun
  • ex: 「０がドリーだ。」 is equivalent to 「ドリーだ。」
• consider 私 to the be the default of ０が, but it can be anything given context

  the を particle

• the を particle attaches to the direct object, the noun to which something is being done
• consider を to be an extra car that gives more information about A or B
• ex: 私がケーキを食べる。
  • the core sentence is just 「私が食べる。」
  • 「ケーキを」 just tells more about the core sentence (specifically about B)
  • this sentence can also be expressed as 「０がケーキを食べる。」

    resources

• youtube