notes

• Japanese words can be divided into 「体言」 (“body words”, static) and 「用言」 (“use words”, active)
  • static words are basically nouns, pronouns, and noun-like entities
    • these words are not modifiable, but can be given logical particles or copulas
    • a noun with an attached particle is a unit with a single meaning
    • a noun with an attached copula is an active unit (the copula can be transformed)
  • active words are basically verbs and adjectives
    • these words modify and have their final kana transformed
    • the three sentence-ending engines are all active
• the 「で」 particle is restricted to clauses that modify active words
• the 「で」 particle describes the boundaries or limits within which something happens
• with an adjectival noun, the 「で」 particle describes the boundaries within which that adjectival quality prevails
• ex: 「世界で一番美味しいラーメン」
  • 「世界で」 is defining the limit in which a state of being applies
  • replacing 「で」 with 「の」 would modify 「ラーメン」 instead of 「美味しい」
  • 「このラーメンは世界で一番美味しい」 is an equivalent sentence whereas 「このラーメンは世界の一番美味しい」 is not grammatical
• ex: 「世界で一番有名なアンドロイド」
  • 「世界で」 is modifying 「有名な」, defining the limit in which this fame operates
• ex: 「みんなで踊る」
  • 「みんなで」 is describing the limit of the people who do 「踊る」

    resources

• youtube