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- 「など」 essentially means “et cetera” and is used in this way in formal and informal speech
- 「など」 in informal speech can also be used to add a negative connotation
- 「なんか」 is a contraction of 「何か」
- 「なんか」 can be used like 「など」 to add a (stronger) negative connotation
- 「なんか」 can be used like “like” in English (making something more vague)
- 「なんて」 is a contraction of 「何って」 which is a contraction of 「何という」
- ex: 「なんて言った?」 means “What did (you) say?”
- 「なんて」 can also be used like “what” in certain expressions
- ex: 「なんて美しい景色だ。」 means “What a nice view.”
- 「なんて」 can also be used to add a negative connotation
- 「なんて」 can also be used to express surprise (if at the end of clause)
- 「なんて」 can also be used to replace 「という」 (has a feeling of adding more doubt)
resources
- youtube