notes

the volitional form

• means “let’s” or “shall we”
• for godan verbs, use the 「お」 stem and add 「う」
• for ichidan verbs, drop 「る」 and add 「よう」
• 「する」 becomes 「しよう」
• 「来る」 becomes 「こよう」
• adding 「か」 after a volitional form verb means “Shall (we) (verb)?”
• adding 「と思っています」 after a volitional form verb means a decision was already made
• adding 「と思います」 after a volitional form verb means a decision was made on the spot

  「ておく」

• 「て」 form + 「おく」 means to do something ahead of time (in preparation)
  • this 「おく」 comes from 「置く」 and conjugates like a godan verb
• 「ておく」 is shortened to 「とく」 in casual conversation

  modifying nouns with sentences

• sentences ending in a short form verb can modify a noun

  resources

• youtube