notes

  • physical locations
    • 「ここ」 means “here” (near speaker)
    • 「そこ」 means “there” (near listener)
    • 「あそこ」 means “over there” (far from speaker and listen)
    • 「どこ」 means “where?”
  • the れ group act as nouns
    • 「これ」 means “this”
    • 「それ」 means “that”
    • 「あれ」 means “that”
    • 「どれ」 means “which?”
  • the の group act as adjectives
    • 「この」 means “this (noun)”
    • 「その」 means “that (noun)”
    • 「あの」 means “that (noun)”
    • 「どの」 means “which (noun)?”
  • consider the following difference between 「これ」 and 「この」
    • 「これは０がペンだ。」 means “As for this here thing, it is a pen.”
    • 「このペンは０が赤い。」 means “As for this pen, it is red.”
  • the な group act as adjectives
    • 「こんな」 means “this sort of”
    • 「そんな」 means “that sort of”
    • 「あんな」 means “that sort of”
    • 「どんな」 means “what sort of?”
  • the “long” group act as adverbs
    • 「こう」 means “in this way”
    • 「そう」 means “in that way”
    • 「ああ」 means “in that way”
    • 「どう」 means “in what way?”
    • this group can be used with 「言う」 to mean “a thing described in such a way” (ex: 「そう言うこと」 means “a thing described in that way”)

      resources

  • youtube