notes

• logical structure is “A car, B engine”
• non-logical structure is “topic, comment”
• there is a 「０は」 that exists like 「０が」
  • ex: 「０はコーヒーが好きだ。」
  • ex: 「０は頭が痛い。」
  • ex: 「０はお腹が空いた。」
  • ex: 「０はクレープが食べたい。」
  • the 「０は」 in these examples can be assumed to be “As for me”
• the comment is always a complete logical clause
  • 「は」 can never mark the A car, B engine, or any other logical part of the sentence
  • since a sentence needs an A car and B engine, they must exist outside of the topic
• the choice between 「は」 and 「が」 is choosing which ever-present element should be made visible and emphasized

  resources

• youtube