notes

transitive and intransitive verb pairs

• transitive verbs are used when someone/something acts on someone/something else
  • takes 「を」
• intransitive verbs are used when someone/something undergoes a change on its own
  • takes 「が」

    「ている」 with intransitive verbs

• with transitive verbs, 「ている」 means to be in a state of doing
• with intransitive verbs, 「ている」 means to be in a state of being

  「てしまう」

• 「しまう」 means to complete something, but can have a feeling of regret
• 「（てFORM)しまう」 for regular speech
• 「（てFORMーて）（ちゃう・じゃう）」 for informal speech

  the 「と」 conditional particle

• 「（SENTENCEA）と（SENTENCEB)」
  • “Whenever SENTENCEA occurs, then SENTENCEB also.”
  • “Whenever SENTENCEA occurs, something becomes SENTENCEB.”

    「ながら」

• 「（ますSTEM)ながら（MAINCLAUSE)」
  • the “main activity” comes after 「ながら」

    「ばよかった」

• use the 「え」 stem and add 「ば」
  • for ichidan verbs, 「来る」, and 「する」 as well
• “I wish I had done (verb).” or “It would have been good if (verb).”
• add 「と思う」 afterwards to say that you think someone else should have done something

  resources

• youtube