notes

  • non-agile expressions are used carefully and have to be the main point
  • agile expressions are used freely and can be used in passing

    the agility of the 「は」 (topic marking )particle

  • the 「は」 particle is quick way of marking the topic of conversation
  • ex: 「アフリカはライオンはいるがトラはいない」 has three topic markers
    • what follows a 「は」-marked topic has to be a logical clause
    • there are two logical clauses in this sentence, each with their own (sub)topic:
      • 「ライオンは０がいる」 and 「トラは０がいない」
      • 「は」 is used to distinguish between the topics

        the agility of the (nominalizing) 「の」 particle

  • the nominalizing 「の」 particles acts as a pronoun and bundles everything before it into a noun-like entity
  • ex: 「朝のパリに響くのは鐘だよ」
    • the topic is 「朝のパイに響くの」 (“that which reverberates in morning Paris”)
    • the core of the sentence is 「０が鐘だ(よ)」 (“they are bells”)

      resources

  • youtube